Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. National development is defined as an improvement in people's daily arrangements, the provision of fundamental necessities to citizens such as food, education, social services, medical help, and so on, as well as an increase in per capita income.
living conditions
Understanding the Sentence and the Underlined Segment
The question asks us to find the most suitable phrase to replace the underlined segment "daily arrangements" in the given sentence about national development. Let's look at the sentence again:
National development is defined as an improvement in people's daily arrangements, the provision of fundamental necessities to citizens such as food, education, social services, medical help, and so on, as well as an increase in per capita income.
The sentence defines what national development means. It links it to improving how people live day-to-day, providing basic needs, and increasing wealth (per capita income).
The phrase "daily arrangements" in this context refers to the circumstances, conditions, and provisions that make up people's everyday lives. It's about how well they live, what resources they have access to, and the quality of their environment and services.
Analyzing the Options for Substitution
We need to choose the option that best captures the meaning of "daily arrangements" when talking about national development, especially considering the examples given like food, education, and medical help.
- Option 1: diving techniques
This refers to skills related to underwater diving. This has no relation to national development or the general welfare and living conditions of a population. Therefore, this option is incorrect. - Option 2: dining categories
This relates to types of food or eating experiences. While food is a necessity mentioned in the sentence, "dining categories" is too specific and doesn't cover the broader aspects like education, medical help, or overall quality of life that "daily arrangements" implies in this definition of national development. So, this is not the most appropriate substitute. - Option 3: existing calamities
Calamities are disasters or misfortunes. National development aims to improve life and provide necessities, not to focus on or improve existing problems or disasters. This option is opposite in meaning to the positive improvement implied by the definition of national development. This option is incorrect. - Option 4: living conditions
Living conditions refer to the circumstances affecting people's daily lives, such as housing, food, health, education, safety, and environment. Improving living conditions means improving the quality of life by providing access to necessities and bettering the overall environment people live in. This aligns perfectly with the examples given (food, education, social services, medical help) and the idea of improving "daily arrangements" as part of national development. This is the most appropriate substitute.
Conclusion: Selecting the Most Appropriate Option
Based on the analysis, the phrase "living conditions" is the best fit to replace "daily arrangements" as it accurately reflects the idea of improving the quality of people's everyday lives through access to necessities and better circumstances, which is a core part of national development as defined in the sentence.
Substituting the phrase, the sentence becomes:
National development is defined as an improvement in people's living conditions, the provision of fundamental necessities to citizens such as food, education, social services, medical help, and so on, as well as an increase in per capita income.
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Term | Meaning in Context | Relevance to National Development |
|---|---|---|
| Daily arrangements | How people live day-to-day; quality of everyday life. | Core aspect of improvement. |
| Living conditions | Circumstances affecting daily life (housing, health, education, etc.). | Direct synonym for 'daily arrangements' in this context. |
| National development | Improvement in population's welfare, access to necessities, and income. | Overall goal described. |
| Fundamental necessities | Basic needs like food, education, medical help. | Examples of what improves living conditions. |
Additional Information: National Development Metrics
National development isn't just about income (like Gross Domestic Product or GDP). It's also measured by looking at how people's lives are improving. Metrics often include:
- Human Development Index (HDI): Combines life expectancy, education levels, and income per capita.
- Access to Basic Services: Percentage of the population with access to clean water, sanitation, electricity, healthcare, and education.
- Poverty Reduction: Decrease in the number or percentage of people living below the poverty line.
- Literacy Rate: Percentage of the population that can read and write.
- Infant Mortality Rate: Number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
These indicators directly relate to the concept of improving people's living conditions, highlighting why this is a crucial aspect of national development.
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Important Questions from Phrase Replacement
In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the underlined part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “No improvement”
My old teacher gave many poor students money in spite of he was poor.
In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the underlined part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “No improvement”.
You should to read the newspaper regularly if you want to be well-informed.
In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the underlined part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “No improvement”.
If he had listening to me he would not have got lost.
In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the underlined part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “No improvement”
He asked for a bank loan also he didn't have sufficient resources.
In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the underlined part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “No improvement”.
I went to the shop to buy some stationeries .
