Direction: Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence. Disability was viewed as God's retribution for wickedness in the past.
punishment for wrongdoing
Understanding Sentence Substitution and Word Meaning
The question asks us to find the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment "God's retribution for wickedness" in the sentence:
Disability was viewed as God's retribution for wickedness in the past.
To answer this, we need to understand the meaning of the underlined phrase in the context of the sentence.
Meaning of Key Terms: Retribution and Wickedness
- Retribution: This word means punishment that is considered to be morally right and fully deserved. It is often associated with vengeance or repayment for a wrong deed.
- Wickedness: This refers to evil or immoral behaviour; the quality of being wicked.
So, "God's retribution for wickedness" means punishment given by God because of evil or immoral actions.
Analyzing the Options for Substitution
Let's examine each option to see which one best fits the meaning of "God's retribution for wickedness":
- Option 1: revenge for legal works
This option uses the word "revenge," which is similar to "retribution" in that it involves repayment for something. However, "legal works" refers to actions that are permitted or required by law, which is the opposite of "wickedness" (illegal or immoral actions). This option does not make sense in the context.
- Option 2: punishment for wrongdoing
Let's break this down:
- "Punishment" is a direct synonym for "retribution." It means suffering, pain, or loss that serves as retribution.
- "Wrongdoing" refers to illegal or dishonest behavior; immoral acts. This is a direct synonym for "wickedness."
Therefore, "punishment for wrongdoing" accurately captures the meaning of "retribution for wickedness."
- Option 3: payback for doing help
"Payback" can mean retaliation or reward, depending on context. However, "doing help" refers to assisting someone, which is a positive action and the opposite of "wickedness." This option is entirely incorrect.
- Option 4: fine for misbehaviour
"Fine" is a specific type of punishment, usually a sum of money paid as a penalty for breaking a law or rule. While it is a form of punishment, it is too specific and doesn't convey the broader sense of divine retribution mentioned in the original phrase. "Misbehaviour" means failing to act in an acceptable way; bad behavior. While similar to "wrongdoing," "wickedness" usually implies a more serious degree of evil than "misbehaviour." This option is a weaker substitute compared to option 2.
Comparison Summary
Let's compare the components:
| Original Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Retribution | Punishment for wrong |
| Wickedness | Evil or immoral acts |
| Option | First Part | Second Part | Match? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. revenge for legal works | revenge (similar to retribution) | legal works (opposite of wickedness) | No |
| 2. punishment for wrongdoing | punishment (synonym for retribution) | wrongdoing (synonym for wickedness) | Yes |
| 3. payback for doing help | payback (can be reward/retaliation) | doing help (opposite of wickedness) | No |
| 4. fine for misbehaviour | fine (specific punishment) | misbehaviour (less severe than wickedness) | Partial, but not best fit |
Based on the analysis, "punishment for wrongdoing" is the most accurate and appropriate substitute for "retribution for wickedness" as both "punishment" is a strong synonym for "retribution" and "wrongdoing" is a strong synonym for "wickedness."
Revision Table: Substituting Words in Sentences
| Original Word/Phrase | Meaning | Appropriate Substitute | Why it fits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retribution | Punishment for a wrong deed | Punishment | Direct synonym conveying the idea of deserved consequence. |
| Wickedness | Evil or immoral acts | Wrongdoing | Synonym referring to bad or immoral behavior. |
| God's retribution for wickedness | Divine punishment for evil acts | Punishment for wrongdoing | Combines appropriate synonyms for both key terms. |
Additional Information: Historical Context and Vocabulary
Historically, various cultures and religions have linked misfortune, disease, or disability to divine punishment for sins or wrongdoings. The sentence reflects this historical perspective. Understanding such historical views can help in interpreting texts.
When substituting words or phrases in a sentence, it's crucial to consider:
- The exact meaning of the original phrase.
- The nuances of the words in the options.
- How the substituted phrase fits grammatically and contextually into the original sentence.
- Synonyms and antonyms of the key words. For example, synonyms for 'retribution' include 'penalty,' 'punishment,' 'vengeance.' Synonyms for 'wickedness' include 'evil,' 'immorality,' 'sin,' 'wrongdoing.' Antonyms for 'wickedness' include 'goodness,' 'virtue.'
This question tests your vocabulary and ability to understand and replace phrases with equivalent meanings, which is important for sentence improvement and comprehension exercises.
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In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which will improve the underlined part of the sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select “No improvement”.
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