Present a brief note on the types of mulches and their role in soil moisture conservation.
Mulching involves covering the soil surface with organic or inorganic materials to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and moderate soil temperature.
Types of mulches:
Organic mulches: Crop residues, straw, leaves, sawdust, and green manures. These decompose, adding organic matter and nutrients.
Inorganic mulches: Plastic films, polythene sheets, and gravel. They are durable and effective in moisture conservation.
Living mulches: Cover crops like cowpea or clover that protect the soil while enriching fertility.
Role in soil moisture conservation:
Reduce evaporation losses by shielding soil from direct sun and wind.
Improve infiltration and minimize runoff.
Maintain favorable soil temperature for root activity.
Suppress weeds that compete for water.
Enhance microbial activity under organic mulches.
Mulching is thus a vital practice in rainfed and horticultural systems.
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