Write a brief note on the major soils of India.
India possesses diverse soils, each supporting unique cropping systems.
Alluvial soils: Fertile, found in Indo-Gangetic plains; suitable for rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, and pulses.
Black soils (Regur): Rich in clay and moisture-retentive; predominant in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat; best for cotton, soybean, and sorghum.
Red soils: Sandy to loamy, low nitrogen; spread across Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Karnataka; support groundnut, ragi, and pulses.
Laterite soils: High rainfall regions of Kerala, Karnataka, West Bengal; suitable for tea, coffee, cashew.
Desert soils: Sandy, alkaline; found in Rajasthan; support bajra and mustard under irrigation.
Forest soils: Rich in organic matter; found in Himalayas and NE India; suitable for fruits, spices, and plantation crops.
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