Give an account on mycoplasmal diseases and physiological disorders of Potato.
Mycoplasmal diseases (now generally referred to as phytoplasma diseases) of potato are caused by wall-less bacteria, obligate parasites transmitted by insect vectors, primarily leafhoppers. A key example is Potato Witches' Broom. Symptoms include general stunting, proliferation of numerous slender stems, small and chlorotic leaves, swollen lenticels on tubers, and aerial tuber formation. This severely reduces yield and quality.
Physiological disorders in potato are non-pathogenic conditions caused by adverse environmental factors or nutrient imbalances, rather than pests or pathogens.
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Hollow Heart: A cavity in the center of the tuber, caused by rapid growth following a period of stress.
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Black Heart: Internal blackening of tubers due to oxygen deficiency, often from poor storage.
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Internal Brown Spot: Irregular brown spots in the tuber flesh, linked to high temperatures and calcium deficiency during growth.
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Green Tuber: Greening of tubers exposed to light, leading to solanine accumulation and bitterness.
Management involves optimizing cultivation practices, balanced nutrition, and proper storage.
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