Define cell cycle. Describe different types and phases of cell cycle.
The cell cycle is the ordered series of events that a cell undergoes to grow and divide, producing two new daughter cells. It's a fundamental process for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.
There are two primary types of cell cycles:
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Mitotic Cell Cycle: Occurs in somatic cells, resulting in two genetically identical diploid daughter cells.
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Meiotic Cell Cycle: Occurs in germline cells (for sexual reproduction), resulting in four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells.
The mitotic cell cycle has two main phases:
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Interphase: The longest phase, where the cell grows and prepares for division. It includes three sub-phases:
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G1 phase: Cell grows, synthesizes proteins.
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S phase: DNA replication occurs.
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G2 phase: Cell prepares for mitosis, synthesizes more proteins.
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M-phase (Mitosis): The cell divides into two daughter cells. This includes nuclear division (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase) and cytoplasmic division (Cytokinesis).
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