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Question

In the magnetic trip mechanism of an MCB, which sequence correctly describes the tripping action during a short circuit?

This question was previously asked in
RRB JE 2025 CBT 2 Mechanical and Allied Engg Question Paper English (2-Jul-2026) (Shift-1)
The correct answer is

Fault current → magnetic field generated → plunger attracted → latch released

A Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) actually contains two independent tripping mechanisms: a thermal (bimetallic) element for slow, sustained overloads, and a magnetic (solenoid) element for sudden, high-magnitude short-circuit currents. The question asks specifically about the magnetic trip, which must act in a few milliseconds because short-circuit currents can be many times the rated value and would otherwise destroy wiring.

The correct chain of events is: Fault current → magnetic field generated → plunger attracted → latch released → contacts open. In detail:

  1. A short circuit sends a very large fault current through the series solenoid coil.
  2. By Ampère's law, this large current produces a strong magnetic field inside the coil.
  3. The field exerts a strong pull on a spring-loaded iron plunger, attracting it into the coil.
  4. The moving plunger strikes and releases the trip latch.
  5. The stored spring energy then snaps the contacts open, interrupting the circuit almost instantly.

Why the other sequences are wrong: the option beginning with the plunger being released before any magnetic field is generated reverses cause and effect — the field must exist first to move the plunger. The sequence in which a bimetal strip bends describes the thermal overload trip, not the magnetic one; bimetal bending is a slow heating effect, far too sluggish for short-circuit protection. The choice claiming contact resistance increases is not part of any MCB tripping physics — the trip is driven by magnetic force on the plunger, not by a change in contact resistance.

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