In which of the year was Satara annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse?
1848
The question concerns the Doctrine of Lapse, an annexation policy pushed most aggressively by Lord Dalhousie, who served as Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.
Under this doctrine, if the ruler of a dependent princely state died without a natural (biological) male heir, the state would 'lapse' to the British; crucially, the traditional Indian right of a ruler to adopt an heir was refused recognition.
The very first state annexed under this policy was Satara, taken over in 1848 after its ruler died leaving only an adopted son, whose claim the British rejected.
This makes 1848 the correct year, and it also coincides with the start of Dalhousie's tenure, which helps fix the date.
The other options mark the annexation of different states: Jhansi was annexed in 1853 and Nagpur in 1854 (this year is famous because Rani Lakshmibai's Jhansi lapse became a major cause of the 1857 Revolt), while 1850 does not correspond to the Satara case.
Other states swallowed by the same policy included Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Baghat and Udaipur, showing a clear pattern of expansion.
Hence Satara was annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1848.
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