Under which of the following governor-General a new policy of “paramountcy” was initiated?
Lord Hastings
This question asks which Governor-General introduced the new policy of 'paramountcy' during Company rule in India.
The policy of paramountcy was initiated by Lord Hastings (Governor-General from 1813 to 1823), under which the British East India Company asserted that its authority was supreme over all Indian states.
Under paramountcy, the Company claimed the right to annex or intervene in any Indian state to protect what it defined as British interests, placing the princely states in a subordinate position.
This doctrine was later expanded by Lord Dalhousie through the Doctrine of Lapse, by which states without a natural heir were annexed, but the underlying concept of paramountcy began with Hastings.
Lord Cornwallis is chiefly remembered for the Permanent Settlement of Bengal and administrative and judicial reforms, not paramountcy.
Lord Wellesley is associated with the Subsidiary Alliance system, a distinct instrument of expansion, so he too does not fit as the originator of paramountcy.
Hence the correct answer is Lord Hastings.
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