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Answer in 150 words. Support your answer with relevant legal provisions and judicial pronouncements:
"In breach of a sale contract, both the buyer and the seller have remedies against each other.” Discuss the statement in reference to relevant provisions of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

The statement is correct. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (SOGA), ensures remedies for both seller and buyer, safeguarding fairness in contracts of sale.

Seller’s Remedies (Sections 55–61):

  • Suit for Price (S.55): If property has passed or price is fixed irrespective of delivery, the seller may sue for payment.
  • Damages for Non-Acceptance (S.56): If the buyer wrongfully refuses goods, damages are recoverable, usually the difference between contract and market price.
  • Repudiation (S.60): If the buyer repudiates before delivery date, the seller can treat the contract as rescinded and claim damages.

Buyer’s Remedies (Sections 57–59):

  • Damages for Non-Delivery (S.57): Buyer can claim damages if the seller refuses delivery.
  • Specific Performance (S.58): For specific goods, courts may order delivery, especially when goods are unique.
  • Breach of Warranty (S.59): Buyer may claim damages or reduce the price, but repudiation applies only for breach of condition.

Answered By:

Sakshi Negi

Sakshi Negi is a Delhi-based journalist and content specialist with expertise in educational content and digital media, focusing particularly on government exam preparation and career guidance. With a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from NRAI School of Mass Communication and her background as a Kendriya Vidyalaya alumna, she brings unique insights into the Indian education system and government sector opportunities.

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