In a certain code language, 'SPIT' is coded as ‘USKW’ and 'COPY' is coded as ‘ERRB’. How will 'MOCK' be coded in that language?
OREN
Understanding the Coding Rule for 'SPIT' and 'COPY'
This problem involves decoding a specific pattern used to transform one word into another. We are given two examples: 'SPIT' is coded as 'USKW', and 'COPY' is coded as 'ERRB'. Our goal is to find the rule governing this transformation and apply it to the word 'MOCK'.
Analyzing the Given Examples
Let's examine the first example, 'SPIT' $\rightarrow$ 'USKW', by looking at the position of each letter in the English alphabet:
- S is the 19th letter, U is the 21st letter. The shift is $21 - 19 = +2$.
- P is the 16th letter, S is the 19th letter. The shift is $19 - 16 = +3$.
- I is the 9th letter, K is the 11th letter. The shift is $11 - 9 = +2$.
- T is the 20th letter, W is the 23rd letter. The shift is $23 - 20 = +3$.
The pattern observed is a shift of $+2, +3, +2, +3$ for the successive letters.
Now, let's verify this pattern with the second example, 'COPY' $\rightarrow$ 'ERRB':
- C is the 3rd letter, E is the 5th letter. The shift is $5 - 3 = +2$.
- O is the 15th letter, R is the 18th letter. The shift is $18 - 15 = +3$.
- P is the 16th letter, R is the 18th letter. The shift is $18 - 16 = +2$.
- Y is the 25th letter, B is the 2nd letter. The shift is $2 + 26 - 25 = +3$ (considering the alphabet wraps around after Z).
The pattern of $+2, +3, +2, +3$ is consistent across both examples.
Applying the Rule to 'MOCK'
We will now apply the established $+2, +3, +2, +3$ shift pattern to the letters of 'MOCK'.
- M: The first letter is M. Applying a $+2$ shift: M (13th) $\rightarrow$ 13 + 2 = 15th letter, which is O.
- O: The second letter is O. Applying a $+3$ shift: O (15th) $\rightarrow$ 15 + 3 = 18th letter, which is R.
- C: The third letter is C. Applying a $+2$ shift: C (3rd) $\rightarrow$ 3 + 2 = 5th letter, which is E.
- K: The fourth letter is K. Applying a $+3$ shift: K (11th) $\rightarrow$ 11 + 3 = 14th letter, which is N.
Combining the resulting letters, MOCK is coded as OREN.
| Original Letter | Position | Shift | New Position | Coded Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | 13 | +2 | 15 | O |
| O | 15 | +3 | 18 | R |
| C | 3 | +2 | 5 | E |
| K | 11 | +3 | 14 | N |
Therefore, 'MOCK' is coded as 'OREN' in this language.
Revision Table: Letter Coding Principles
| Concept | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Letter Position | Assigning numerical value based on the letter's order in the alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26). | J = 10, Q = 17, Z = 26 |
| Shift/Pattern | The consistent rule (addition, subtraction, skipping letters, etc.) applied to each letter. | +2 shift: A $\rightarrow$ C, B $\rightarrow$ D |
| Wrap Around | When a shift goes beyond Z, returning to the start of the alphabet (A). | +3 shift from Y: Y(25) $\rightarrow$ Z(26) $\rightarrow$ A(1) $\rightarrow$ B(2). Result is B. |
Additional Information: Types of Coding-Decoding
Coding-decoding questions test your ability to identify patterns and rules. Besides the letter shift pattern seen here, other common types include:
- Letter Coding: Letters are replaced by other letters based on a specific rule (shift, reverse order, etc.). This question is an example of letter coding.
- Number/Symbol Coding: Words are coded into numbers or symbols. Each letter might correspond to a number or symbol, or the word as a whole might be coded.
- Mixed Coding: A mix of words, numbers, and symbols are used. Often, sentences are given and codes for specific words need to be deduced.
- Substitution Coding: Where a word is given a substitute name (e.g., 'red' is called 'blue', 'blue' is called 'green').
Practice with different types helps in quickly identifying the pattern during exams.
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