Hypoxia stimulates the development of aerenchyma in submerged organs of plant by _____________ triggered programmed cell death.
Ethylene
Under flooding, roots become hypoxic; hypoxia raises ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity, and ethylene, which cannot diffuse away in water, accumulates in the tissue.
Ethylene signalling (with ROS and Ca2+) triggers programmed death of cortical cells, forming lysigenous aerenchyma, the gas-filled channels that let oxygen diffuse from shoots to submerged roots, as in maize and rice.
Auxin mainly controls growth and adventitious rooting, jasmonic acid governs wound and herbivore responses, and salicylic acid governs pathogen defence and systemic acquired resistance; none is the primary trigger of aerenchyma formation.
So hypoxia induces aerenchyma through ethylene-triggered programmed cell death.
Hence, Ethylene.
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