Explain saltation, surface creep and suspension with reference to wind erosion.
Wind erosion displaces soil particles through three main processes.
Saltation: Medium-sized soil particles (0.1–0.5 mm) are lifted briefly into the air and bounce along the surface. This is the dominant mechanism in wind erosion, dislodging additional particles upon impact.
Surface creep: Larger particles (>0.5 mm) are too heavy to be lifted. They move slowly along the ground due to impact from saltating particles or direct wind drag. Surface creep contributes significantly to soil displacement in sandy regions.
Suspension: Very fine particles (<0.1 mm) are carried high into the air and transported over long distances. Dust storms are a result of suspension, causing soil nutrient loss and air pollution.
Together, these processes degrade soil fertility, reduce productivity, and cause desertification in arid and semi-arid zones.
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