Elaborate the major constraints of food and nutritional security in India.
India faces significant, multifaceted constraints to achieving comprehensive food and nutritional security.
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Climate Change & Resource Degradation: Erratic monsoons, droughts, floods, soil degradation, and water scarcity directly impact agricultural productivity and stability, threatening food availability.
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Poverty & Lack of Access: Despite sufficient food production, widespread poverty and low purchasing power prevent vulnerable populations from affording nutritious diets. Inefficient Public Distribution Systems (PDS) also limit access.
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Hidden Hunger (Micronutrient Deficiencies): Over-reliance on staple cereals and lack of dietary diversity lead to widespread micronutrient deficiencies (iron, zinc, Vitamin A), particularly among women and children, affecting health and cognitive development.
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Post-Harvest Losses & Supply Chain Inefficiency: Huge amounts of food grains are lost due to inadequate storage, processing, and transportation infrastructure, reducing actual food availability.
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Gender Discrimination: Discriminatory practices in food allocation within households often leave women and girl children nutritionally disadvantaged.
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Sanitation & Health: Poor sanitation and access to healthcare impede nutrient absorption, even with adequate food intake, contributing to malnutrition.
These interconnected challenges require holistic policy interventions for sustainable solutions.
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