Understanding the Correct Usage of 'Effect'

This question tests the understanding of the difference between the words 'effect' and 'affect'. While they sound similar, they have distinct grammatical roles and meanings.

'Effect' vs. 'Affect': Key Differences

• Affect (usually a verb): Means to influence, impact, or produce a change in something. Example: The rain will affect the crops.
• Effect (usually a noun): Means a result, consequence, or outcome of an action or cause. Example: The rain had a positive effect on the crops.

Sometimes, 'effect' can be used as a verb meaning 'to bring about' or 'to accomplish' (Example: The manager effected changes in the policy), and 'affect' can be a noun in psychology referring to emotion (Example: The patient showed a flat affect). However, in standard usage, the primary distinction above holds true.

Analyzing the Sentences

Let's examine each option based on the common usage of 'effect' as a noun and 'affect' as a verb:

Option 1 Analysis

Explanation: Here, the sentence intends to say that the weather conditions *influenced* or *produced a change in* his health. The word needed is a verb. Therefore, 'affect' should be used, not 'effect'. The correct sentence would be: 'The weather conditions began to affect his health.' This makes Option 1 incorrect.

Option 2 Analysis

Explanation: This sentence discusses the *result* or *consequence* of climate change. The word 'effect' is used as a noun here, preceded by the adjective 'long term'. This usage is grammatically correct. The sentence correctly uses 'effect' to denote the outcome.

Option 3 Analysis

Explanation: Similar to Option 1, this sentence describes how the people were *influenced* or *impacted* by the laws. The verb form is required. The word 'effected' is incorrect here; the past participle of the verb 'affect' is 'affected'. The correct sentence would be: 'The people of the town were deeply affected by the new laws...' This makes Option 3 incorrect.

Option 4 Analysis

Explanation: Again, this sentence implies that creatures are *influenced* or *acted upon* by emotion. The verb 'affect' is needed. 'Effected' is not the correct past participle form in this context. The correct sentence should use 'affected': 'All creatures are affected by emotion.' This makes Option 4 incorrect.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, only Option 2 correctly uses the word 'effect' as a noun, signifying a result or consequence.