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Question

Describe common types of mimicry in insects with suitable examples.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Insects often use mimicry as a survival strategy, deceiving predators or prey to increase their chances of survival. Natural selection favors these adaptations, resulting in remarkable disguises and behaviors. Key types include:

  • Batesian Mimicry: A harmless insect imitates a dangerous or unpalatable species. Example: Hoverflies resemble stinging wasps or bees. Predators avoid them, thinking they are harmful. Only the mimic benefits in this relationship.
     
  • Müllerian Mimicry: Multiple harmful or toxic species evolve similar warning signals. Example: Heliconius butterflies display bright, similar wing patterns. Predators quickly learn to avoid all species with that pattern, benefiting every species involved.
     
  • Aggressive Mimicry: Predators or parasites imitate harmless or attractive signals to catch prey. Example: Photuris fireflies mimic the flashes of other species’ females to lure and consume males.
     

Through these strategies, mimicry either protects insects from predation or enhances their hunting success. It exemplifies how evolution shapes behavior and appearance, allowing insects to survive and reproduce in a complex and competitive ecosystem.

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