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Question

China's growing footprint and a tangible shift in power dynamics Bangladesh has weakened India's leverage in Dhaka. Comment.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

China’s growing footprint in Bangladesh has significantly altered regional power dynamics, reducing India’s traditional leverage in Dhaka. Historically, India enjoyed influence due to shared history, culture, and geography, reinforced by cooperation on security and connectivity. However, China’s aggressive investments through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have provided Bangladesh with new economic and strategic options. Projects like the Padma Bridge rail link, deep-sea ports, and energy infrastructure highlight China’s ability to finance and deliver large-scale ventures quickly—often in areas where India has been slower to respond.

This shift empowers Bangladesh to diversify partnerships, reducing dependence on India and strengthening bargaining capacity. While India remains vital for border management, cultural ties, and defense cooperation, its comparative advantage is eroding. To preserve influence, India must address long-pending issues such as water-sharing agreements, enhance trade competitiveness, and deliver on development promises with speed and transparency.

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