Question
Among $\text{N}_{2}\text{O}, \text{ClF}_{2}^{-}, \text{SO}_{2}$ and $\text{I}_{3}^{+}$, the species having the linear structures are
This question was previously asked in
WBJEE 2026 Physics and Chemistry Question Paper (24-May-2026)
The correct answer is
"$\text{N}_{2}\text{O}, \text{ClF}_{2}^{-}$"
Determining Linear Molecular Structures
This question requires identifying species with linear molecular geometry using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory. We analyze each species: $\text{N}_{2}\text{O}, \text{ClF}_{2}^{-}, \text{SO}_{2}$, and $\text{I}_{3}^{+}$.
1. Analysis of $\text{N}_{2}\text{O}$
- Valence Electrons (VE): 2 $\times$ 5 (N) + 6 (O) = 16 VE.
- Central Atom: Nitrogen (N) has two electron domains (e.g., N=N=O or N≡N⁺-O⁻).
- VSEPR Geometry: With 2 electron domains and 0 lone pairs on the central N, the molecular geometry is linear.
2. Analysis of $\text{ClF}_{2}^{-}$
- Valence Electrons (VE): 7 (Cl) + 2 $\times$ 7 (F) + 1 (charge) = 22 VE.
- Central Atom: Chlorine (Cl) bonds to two Fluorine (F) atoms.
- Electron Domains: Cl forms 2 single bonds (2 bonding pairs). Remaining electrons = 22 - 4 (bonds) - 12 (lone pairs on F) = 6 electrons. These form 3 lone pairs on Cl.
- VSEPR Geometry: Steric number = 2 bonding pairs + 3 lone pairs = 5. Electron geometry is trigonal bipyramidal. The molecular geometry for AX2E3 is linear.
3. Analysis of $\text{SO}_{2}$
- Valence Electrons (VE): 6 (S) + 2 $\times$ 6 (O) = 18 VE.
- Central Atom: Sulfur (S) bonds to two Oxygen (O) atoms.
- Electron Domains: S has 2 bonding regions (e.g., S=O double bonds) and 1 lone pair. Steric number = 2 bonding regions + 1 lone pair = 3.
- VSEPR Geometry: Electron geometry is trigonal planar. The molecular geometry for AX2E1 is bent.
4. Analysis of $\text{I}_{3}^{+}$
- Valence Electrons (VE): 3 $\times$ 7 (I) - 1 (charge) = 20 VE.
- Central Atom: The central Iodine (I) bonds to two other Iodine (I) atoms.
- Electron Domains: Central I forms 2 single bonds (2 bonding pairs). Remaining electrons = 20 - 4 (bonds) - 12 (lone pairs on terminal I) = 4 electrons. These form 2 lone pairs on central I.
- VSEPR Geometry: Steric number = 2 bonding pairs + 2 lone pairs = 4. Electron geometry is tetrahedral. The molecular geometry for AX2E2 is bent.
Conclusion on Linear Species
Based on the VSEPR analysis, $\text{N}_{2}\text{O}$ and $\text{ClF}_{2}^{-}$ exhibit linear molecular structures.
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