A 6-year-old boy is brought with complaints of involuntary, non-rhythmic, jerky movements of upper limbs and snorting sounds, noticed for the past 12 months. His MRI brain and EEG are normal. The child was mocked at by classmates in school and he stopped attending classes for the past 6 months. His ASLO titres and serum ceruloplasmin are non-contributory. The ideal therapy would be a trial of:
Oral Clonidine
Chronic motor tics with a vocal component (snorting), normal MRI/EEG, and exclusion of Sydenham chorea (normal ASLO) and Wilson disease (normal ceruloplasmin) point to Tourette syndrome/chronic tic disorder. For mild-to-moderate tics, especially with psychosocial impact, alpha-2 agonists such as oral clonidine are first-line pharmacotherapy, reserving antipsychotics like olanzapine for severe, refractory tics.
A 14-year-old boy is reported by his neighbour to the police for repeated aggressive activities including beating up children in the neighbourhood. The boy's neighbour also noticed that he also snorts heroin sometimes. He will be categorized legally as suffering from:
Which of the following drugs is NOT included in the management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder?
A 3-year old boy is brought with complaints of staying aloof. He also has delayed speech. Rest of the developmental milestones were attained normally. The most likely diagnosis is: