Write the nutritional management of acute diarrhoea and the steps to be taken for prevention of acute diarrhoea.
Nutritional Management of Acute Diarrhoea
The primary goals are preventing dehydration and maintaining nutrition. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) should be started immediately. Children under two years receive 50–100 mL after each loose stool, while older children get 100–200 mL. Continued feeding is essential; breastfeeding should never be stopped. Infants feed on demand, and older children should be given soft, nutrient-rich foods such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, eggs, or lean meats. Small, frequent meals help preserve nutritional status and gut function. Zinc supplementation of 10–20 mg daily for 10–14 days reduces severity, shortens duration, and protects against subsequent episodes.
Prevention of Acute Diarrhoea
Safe drinking water through boiling, chlorination, or filtration is vital. Sanitation measures include proper disposal of stools and latrine use. Handwashing with soap after defecation, after cleaning a child, and before eating or cooking is critical. Additional strategies include exclusive breastfeeding for six months, hygienic food preparation, rotavirus vaccination, and health education.
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