(i) Define eczema.
(ii) How do you classify eczema?
(iii) Enumerate the differences between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis.
(i) Definition of Eczema
Eczema, or dermatitis, refers to a group of inflammatory skin disorders characterized by redness, itching, dryness, scaling, and sometimes oozing or blistering. It results from impaired skin barrier function and abnormal immune responses.
(ii) Classification
Major types include:
- Atopic dermatitis: Chronic, relapsing, itchy; associated with asthma, rhinitis, or food allergy (atopic triad).
- Contact dermatitis: Due to direct exposure.
- Allergic (ACD): Immune-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity.
- Irritant (ICD): Non-immune, direct damage.
- Seborrhoeic eczema: Affects scalp, face, chest.
- Discoid eczema: Coin-shaped patches.
- Stasis eczema: Lower legs with venous disease.
- Dyshidrotic eczema: Small blisters on hands/feet.
(iii) ACD vs ICD
| Feature | Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) | Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) |
|---|---|---|
| Pathogenesis | Type IV hypersensitivity (immune-mediated) | Direct toxicity / damage to skin (non-immune) |
| Agents | Allergens (nickel, latex, fragrances, dyes) | Irritants (detergents, solvents, acids, alkalis) |
| Onset | Delayed (24–72 hours post-exposure) | Immediate to a few hours after exposure |
| Exposure | Requires prior sensitization | Can occur with first exposure |
| Spread | May extend beyond contact site; poorly defined borders | Localized to contact site; sharp, well-defined borders |
| Symptoms | Predominantly itchy | Often burning or painful |
| Prevalence | Less common | More common |
| Diagnosis | Patch testing | Clinical history and morphology |
Answered By:
Sakshi Negi
Sakshi Negi is a Delhi-based journalist and content specialist with expertise in educational content and digital media, focusing particularly on government exam preparation and career guidance. With a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from NRAI School of Mass Communication and her background as a Kendriya Vidyalaya alumna, she brings unique insights into the Indian education system and government sector opportunities.
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