A joint family comprising of senior citizens, antenatal women and one-monthold infant is suffering from scabies.
(i) Name the organism that causes scabies in humans.
(ii) What factors are involved in the transmission of scabies in a family?
(iii) How do you plan to treat scabies in this family?
(i) The organism responsible for scabies in humans is Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, a microscopic mite that burrows into the skin.
(ii) Transmission of scabies within a family occurs primarily through prolonged, direct skin-to-skin contact, especially common in households with shared sleeping arrangements. Indirect transmission can occur via contaminated clothing, towels, or bedding. Factors such as overcrowding, delayed diagnosis, and close caregiving for children or the elderly facilitate spread. Poor hygiene itself does not directly cause scabies but may delay recognition, increasing risk. The incubation period of several weeks also allows asymptomatic carriers to transmit mites unknowingly.
(iii) Treatment requires a family-wide strategy. All members, symptomatic or not, must receive simultaneous treatment to halt reinfestation. Permethrin 5% cream is the first-line therapy, applied to the entire body from the neck down, left overnight, and repeated after seven days. In infants, application includes the scalp, with care to avoid eyes and mouth. Pregnant women can use permethrin safely. Additionally, clothing, bedding, and towels should be hot-washed or sealed for 72 hours, and furniture vacuumed.
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