Why did the armies of the British East India Company - mostly comprising of Indian soldiers - win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers? Give reasons.
The consistent success of the East India Company's armies, despite often being outnumbered, was a victory of modern military organisation over traditional feudal systems. The reasons were multifaceted and strategic.
First and foremost was superior discipline and training. Company soldiers, or 'sepoys', underwent rigorous European-style drills and were part of a professional, standing army. This contrasted sharply with the often-disparate, feudal levies of Indian rulers who assembled only during wartime.
Secondly, the Company ensured regular payment. This fostered loyalty and morale, whereas Indian rulers' armies often faced delayed salaries, leading to desertions.
Thirdly, the British employed superior military tactics and technology. Their use of coordinated infantry volleys and mobile artillery was often decisive. While Indian rulers had good artillery, they lacked the tactical integration to use it effectively.
Finally, the British excelled at exploiting the lack of unity among Indian powers. They skillfully used diplomacy and deceit to ensure their opponents were isolated and internally divided, as seen in the Battle of Plassey.
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Sakshi Negi
Sakshi Negi is a Delhi-based journalist and content specialist with expertise in educational content and digital media, focusing particularly on government exam preparation and career guidance. With a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from NRAI School of Mass Communication and her background as a Kendriya Vidyalaya alumna, she brings unique insights into the Indian education system and government sector opportunities.
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Important Questions from GS1
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How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India?
The groundwater potential of the Gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India?
What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered?
What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico?
