Who rejected the existence of the soul as a metaphysical substance ? (1) Buddhism (2) Hinduism (3) Sufism Codes :
(1) only
Buddhism rejects the existence of a soul as a permanent metaphysical substance. Its doctrine of anatta (Sanskrit anatman, no-self) holds that what we call a person is only a changing combination of five aggregates (skandhas): form, feeling, perception, mental formations and consciousness, with no unchanging self behind them.
Hinduism does not reject the soul; the Upanishads and Vedanta treat the atman as the eternal self, identical in Advaita with Brahman, and rebirth is the transmigration of this self.
Sufism, the mystical tradition of Islam, also accepts the soul (ruh and nafs) and aims at purifying it and uniting it with God.
Thus only Buddhism rejects a substantial soul.
Hence, the answer is (1) only, that is, Buddhism.
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