The concept of pattern variables was introduced by the prominent American sociologist Talcott Parsons.
Talcott Parsons used pattern variables as a primary conceptual tool in his general theory of action. These variables represent dichotomous choices that individuals and social systems face when structuring social relationships and actions. They help analyze the normative structure of social systems.
Therefore, Talcott Parsons is credited with developing the concept of pattern variables.
Morgenthau's principles of political realism are:
A. Politics is rooted in permanent and unchanging human nature which is basically self centred, self-regarding and self-interested
B. Politics is an autonomous sphere of action and cannot therefore be reduced to morals
C. International Politics is an arena of conflicting self-interests
D. The ethics of international relations is situational ethics which is very different from private morality
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Who among the following political thinkers consider the anarchical self help system to be a compelling factor for States to maximise their relative power positions?