Who among the following Prime Ministers of India was defeated by a vote of No Confidence? 1. Morarji Desai 2. Viswanath Pratap Singh 3. H.D. Deve Gowda 4. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1, 2, 3 and 4
Analyzing Indian Prime Ministers and No Confidence Votes
A Vote of No Confidence is a motion introduced in a parliamentary system to indicate that the elected legislature no longer has confidence in the executive government. If the motion passes, the government typically must resign.
Let's examine each Prime Minister listed and their encounter with a No Confidence motion:
- Morarji Desai: Served as Prime Minister from 1977 to 1979. A No Confidence motion was moved against his government in July 1979. Facing imminent defeat, he resigned before the vote could be taken. While he resigned before the formal vote defeated him, the motion directly led to his government's collapse.
- Viswanath Pratap Singh (V.P. Singh): Served as Prime Minister from 1989 to 1990. His government faced a Vote of No Confidence in November 1990 and was defeated on the floor of the Lok Sabha, leading to his resignation.
- H.D. Deve Gowda: Served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 1997. The Indian National Congress withdrew its support, and a Vote of No Confidence was moved. He lost the confidence vote in April 1997 and resigned.
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee: Served as Prime Minister multiple times. In April 1999, his government faced a Vote of No Confidence moved by the opposition. His government was defeated by a single vote (269-270), leading to his resignation and subsequent general elections. (He also faced a confidence vote in 1996 but resigned before the vote and survived a motion in 2003).
Based on this analysis, all four Prime Ministers listed were defeated or forced out of office by a Vote of No Confidence or its direct consequence.
Therefore, the Prime Ministers defeated by a Vote of No Confidence among the given options are Morarji Desai, Viswanath Pratap Singh, H.D. Deve Gowda, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
Revision Table: Indian PMs and No Confidence Motion
| Prime Minister | Term(s) | Outcome of No Confidence Motion |
|---|---|---|
| Morarji Desai | 1977-1979 | Resigned in 1979 facing a No Confidence motion. |
| Viswanath Pratap Singh | 1989-1990 | Defeated by a Vote of No Confidence in 1990. |
| H.D. Deve Gowda | 1996-1997 | Defeated by a Vote of No Confidence in 1997. |
| Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 1998-1999, 1999-2004, etc. | Defeated by a Vote of No Confidence in 1999. |
Additional Information on Confidence Votes
In the Indian parliamentary system, the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha (House of the People). This means they must maintain the confidence of the majority of members in the Lok Sabha.
- Confidence Motion: This is a motion moved by the government itself to prove that it still enjoys the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha. The government moves this motion, not the opposition.
- No Confidence Motion: This is a motion moved by the opposition parties to test if the government still holds the confidence of the House. If passed, the government falls. As per rules, at least 50 members are required to support the motion for the Speaker to accept it.
- Trust Vote: Often used interchangeably with a Confidence Vote, it refers to the test of the government's majority on the floor of the House.
These mechanisms are crucial checks and balances in India's parliamentary democracy, ensuring the executive remains accountable to the legislature.
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