Which one of the following amendments to the Constitution of India has introduced reservations in education and in public employment for people from the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of society?
The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act
The Constitution of India has been amended several times, with each amendment addressing various aspects of governance, rights, and social justice. In recent years, a significant amendment that addressed reservations for economically weaker sections was introduced.
Let's evaluate each option to identify which amendment provided reservations for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS):
- The Constitution (101st Amendment) Act: This amendment relates to the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, which is a major reform in indirect taxation.
- The Constitution (102nd Amendment) Act: This amendment granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) but did not pertain to reservations for EWS.
- The Constitution (122nd Amendment) Act: Prior to becoming the 101st Amendment Act related to GST, thus unrelated to EWS reservations.
- The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act: This is the correct amendment that introduced a 10% reservation in education and public employment for people from the Economically Weaker Sections of society. It inserted Articles 15(6) and 16(6) into the Constitution of India.
Therefore, the correct answer is The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act.
Explanation: The 103rd Amendment Act 2019 was aimed at providing reservations to the economically weaker sections that are not covered in the existing scheme of reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). This amendment was a landmark step in recognizing economic disadvantage as a criterion for affirmative action.
Conclusion: Understanding such constitutional amendments is crucial for exams focused on Indian polity as they reflect shifts in policy aimed at promoting equality and social justice. The 103rd Amendment is a significant step toward inclusive growth, allowing economically disadvantaged individuals access to educational and employment opportunities.
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