Which of the following is a reason of Brain drain in India? I. Low job opportunities in India II. Low quality of higher education in India.
Both I and II
Brain drain refers to the large-scale emigration of skilled, educated and talented individuals, such as doctors, engineers, scientists and researchers, from their home country to another country in search of better opportunities.
The question gives two possible reasons and asks which are valid, so each statement must be judged separately before choosing the option.
Statement I says low job opportunities in India cause brain drain. This is a valid 'push' factor: when qualified people cannot find enough suitable, well-paid jobs at home, they migrate abroad where employment prospects are stronger.
Statement II says low quality of higher education in India is a reason. This too is valid: perceived gaps in the quality of higher education and research facilities encourage students and academics to study and then settle overseas, where better institutions and funding exist.
These home-country weaknesses are commonly paired with 'pull' factors abroad, higher salaries, superior research infrastructure and a better standard of living, which together intensify the outflow of talent.
Since both the listed factors genuinely contribute to brain drain, neither can be rejected.
Hence the correct choice is that both reasons apply, that is, Both I and II.
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