What led to the decline in mortality rate in India during 1921-1951?
Improved health and sanitation
The year 1921 is described as the 'great divide' in India's demographic history, after which the population began to grow steadily.
Before this, high birth rates were matched by equally high and fluctuating death rates caused by famines and epidemics.
During 1921-1951, the mortality (death) rate fell mainly because of improvements in health facilities, sanitation and better control of famines and communicable diseases.
Expansion of medical care, vaccination and public-health measures reduced deaths, so a larger share of people survived and population growth accelerated.
An increase in the birth rate would raise total population but cannot by itself explain a fall in the mortality rate, so that option is inconsistent.
The Second World War and artificial intelligence were not causes of this early-twentieth-century decline in deaths.
Hence, the correct answer is Improved health and sanitation.
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