Which is NOT part of the Washington Consensus?
Export subsidies
The Washington Consensus (coined by John Williamson in 1989) is a set of ten policy prescriptions for developing economies favoured by Washington-based institutions (IMF, World Bank, US Treasury). It includes: fiscal discipline, redirecting public spending toward pro-growth and pro-poor sectors, tax reform, market-determined interest rates, competitive exchange rates, trade liberalisation, openness to FDI, privatisation, deregulation and secure property rights.
The Consensus emphasises removing distortions to free trade. Subsidising exports is the opposite of free-trade neutrality and is therefore not part of the Washington Consensus.
Hence the answer is Export subsidies — option (3).
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