The sex ratio in India, defined as the number of females per 1,000 males, reflects demographic balance and social equity. According to recent census data, India’s overall sex ratio remains unfavorable, with persistent regional variations. States like Kerala and Chhattisgarh show higher sex ratios, while Haryana, Punjab, and Delhi record some of the lowest. Rural areas often have better ratios than urban areas due to migration of males to cities.

The child sex ratio (0–6 years) is a critical indicator, as it reveals gender biases at birth and early childhood. Declining child sex ratios in states like Haryana, Punjab, and Gujarat highlight the prevalence of sex-selective practices and discrimination against female children.

The impact of child sex ratio on the general sex ratio is long-term and structural. A lower proportion of girls at birth reduces the future female population, aggravating gender imbalance in society. This leads to social consequences such as skewed marriage markets, trafficking, and increased crimes against women. Economically, it reduces female participation in the workforce, undermining inclusive growth.

In conclusion, India’s sex ratio is shaped heavily by the declining child sex ratio. Addressing this imbalance through awareness, strict implementation of laws against prenatal sex determination, and improving social value for girls is essential for achieving gender equity and demographic stability.