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Question

How can rural-urban fringe be delineated? Explain with suitable examples from India.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

The rural-urban fringe represents the transitional zone where rural and urban land uses intermingle. It can be delineated using several methods. The concentric zone model observes urban expansion patterns and identifies the peri-urban zone. Land-use surveys detect mixed residential, agricultural, and industrial functions. Remote sensing and GIS help map built-up areas, roads, and land-cover changes, providing precise spatial boundaries. Socio-economic criteria such as population density, employment patterns, and infrastructure availability also indicate fringe areas.

In India, examples include the outskirts of Delhi and Bengaluru, where agricultural land gradually gives way to housing complexes, IT parks, and industrial estates. Similarly, Pune and Ahmedabad exhibit transitional zones where peri-urbanization merges rural settlements with urban sprawl.

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