What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of water bodies into urban land use ? Explain with examples.
Reclamation of water bodies for urban land use carries severe environmental implications. Firstly, it leads to the destruction of critical wetland ecosystems, resulting in irreversible loss of unique biodiversity, including migratory birds, fish, and aquatic plants. These areas are vital habitats and nurseries for numerous species.
Secondly, such reclamation reduces natural flood buffering capacity. Lakes, wetlands, and rivers act as sponges, absorbing excess rainfall and regulating water flow. Their conversion to impervious urban surfaces increases surface runoff, significantly exacerbating urban flooding. For instance, Mumbai's recurrent severe flooding is often linked to the destruction of its protective mangrove cover and reclamation of marshlands. Similarly, Chennai's 2015 floods were worsened by widespread encroachment on lakes and marshlands, which historically served as natural drainage systems.
Thirdly, it impedes groundwater recharge, as natural infiltration areas are replaced by concrete, leading to depleted aquifers and increased water scarcity in urban areas. This practice also removes natural water purification systems, impacting overall water quality. Ultimately, it severely undermines urban ecological balance and long-term sustainability.
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Sakshi Negi
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Important Questions from GS1
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How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India?
The groundwater potential of the Gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India?
What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered?
What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico?
