Which of the following methods are used to measure reliability in research? A. Chain-referral sampling Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
B. Test-retest
C. Split-half
D. Inter-rater
E. Judgemental test
B, C and D only
This question asks which methods are used to measure reliability - the consistency or repeatability of a measurement or test in research.
Evaluating each method:
Test-retest measures reliability by administering the same test to the same group at two different times and correlating the scores - a reliability method (included).
Split-half divides a test into two halves and correlates the scores of the two halves to estimate internal consistency - a reliability method (included).
Inter-rater measures the degree of agreement between two or more independent raters or observers - a reliability method (included).
Chain-referral sampling is a sampling technique (also called snowball sampling) used to recruit participants, not a way to measure reliability (excluded).
Judgemental test relates to purposive/judgemental sampling or subjective judgement, not to reliability measurement (excluded).
Hence the reliability methods are Test-retest, Split-half and Inter-rater, i.e. B, C and D only.
Why the other options are wrong: any combination containing Chain-referral sampling or Judgemental test is incorrect because those are sampling/selection concepts, not measures of consistency.
Takeaway: Test-retest, Split-half and Inter-rater assess reliability; chain-referral and judgemental relate to sampling, not reliability.
Correct answer: B, C and D only (Test-retest, Split-half, Inter-rater)
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Which of the following could be problems with consumer interviews?
A. A non-random sample
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In a questionnaire, how many answers should be there for simple alternative questions?
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Reason R: External criticism is, therefore, referred to as lower criticism of the data.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
