Which of the following steps are required to design a questionnaire? (a) Writing primary and secondary aims of the study. (b) Review of the current literature. (c) Prepare a draft of questionnaire. (d) Revision of the draft. Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a), (b), (c) and (d)
Designing a questionnaire is a sequence in which each step supplies what the next one needs, so the question is whether any listed step can be omitted.
Step (a) is required and comes first. Until the primary and secondary aims of the study are written down, there is no basis for deciding what to ask; every item in the questionnaire must serve one of those aims, and an instrument built without them collects data that answer no question.
Step (b) is required. Reviewing the current literature shows how others have measured the same constructs, supplies tested items and wordings that may be adopted or adapted, and prevents the researcher from repeating known mistakes or overlooking an important dimension.
Step (c) is required. The draft turns the aims and the borrowed insight into actual questions, with decisions on wording, sequence, response format and length.
Step (d) is required. No first draft is adequate. Revision follows expert comment and pre-testing on a small group, and it removes ambiguous, leading or redundant items and corrects a flawed sequence before the instrument goes into the field, where errors can no longer be repaired.
Since all four steps are necessary and sequential, the fourth code applies.
Hence all the steps (a), (b), (c) and (d) are required.
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A. A non-random sample
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In a questionnaire, how many answers should be there for simple alternative questions?
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In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
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Reason R: External criticism is, therefore, referred to as lower criticism of the data.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
