The valency of argentic is :
+2
Understanding Argentic Valency
The question asks about the valency of 'argentic'. Valency, in simple terms, refers to the combining capacity of an element, often corresponding to the charge it typically carries as an ion in compounds.
Silver's Common Oxidation States
Silver (Ag) is a transition metal. Like many transition metals, it can exist in different oxidation states. The most common and stable oxidation state for silver is +1. This is referred to historically by the term 'argentous'. The ion formed is Ag$^{+}$.
However, silver can also exist in other oxidation states, although they are less common or stable than +1. These include +2 and +3.
- Silver(I) or Argentous: Ag$^{+}$ (Valency +1)
- Silver(II) or Argentic: Ag$^{2+}$ (Valency +2)
- Silver(III): Ag$^{3+}$ (Less common, valency +3)
The term 'argentic' is traditionally used to denote silver in a higher oxidation state than argentous. Historically, it specifically refers to the +2 oxidation state, forming the ion Ag$^{2+}$.
Determining the Valency of Argentic
Based on chemical nomenclature and the definition of 'argentic', it corresponds to silver with a +2 charge, meaning its valency is +2.
Let's look at the given options:
- +3
- -1
- -2
- +2
Comparing the definition of argentic with the options, the valency of argentic is +2.
| Term | Oxidation State | Ion | Valency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentous | +1 | Ag$^{+}$ | +1 |
| Argentic | +2 | Ag$^{2+}$ | +2 |
| Silver(III) | +3 | Ag$^{3+}$ | +3 |
Therefore, the valency of argentic is +2.
Revision Table: Key Concepts on Valency
| Concept | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Valency | The combining capacity of an element. It often equals the charge of the ion it forms. |
| Oxidation State | A number assigned to an element in a chemical compound representing its degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) or reduction (gain of electrons). For a simple ion, it equals the charge. |
| Monovalent | Having a valency of 1 (e.g., Na$^{+}$, Cl$^{-}$). |
| Divalent | Having a valency of 2 (e.g., Mg$^{2+}$, O$^{2-}$). |
| Trivalent | Having a valency of 3 (e.g., Al$^{3+}$, N$^{3-}$). |
Additional Information: Silver Chemistry and Nomenclature
Silver is a coinage metal and is found in Group 11 of the periodic table. Its electronic configuration is $[Kr] 4d^{10} 5s^1$. The most stable ion Ag$^{+}$ forms when the single 5s electron is lost, resulting in a stable $4d^{10}$ configuration. The +2 state (Ag$^{2+}$) involves losing the 5s electron and one 4d electron. The +3 state (Ag$^{3+}$) involves losing the 5s electron and two 4d electrons.
Classical naming conventions using '-ous' and '-ic' suffixes are less common now, replaced by the Stock system which uses Roman numerals to indicate the oxidation state (e.g., Silver(I) chloride for AgCl, Silver(II) fluoride for AgF$_2$). However, understanding terms like 'argentic' is still useful for interpreting older texts or questions.
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