Article 20: Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences
The question asks to identify the constitutional provision that covers the right to protection concerning conviction for offenses, specifically mentioning protection from double jeopardy and self-incrimination. This protection is fundamental to ensuring fair legal proceedings.
Understanding Constitutional Protections
India's Constitution provides specific safeguards against arbitrary state action, especially in criminal matters. Let's examine the relevant articles:
- Article 20: Guarantees protection concerning conviction for offenses. It ensures that individuals are protected against legislative and executive actions that could lead to unjust convictions.
- Article 21: Protects the right to life and personal liberty, which is a broader fundamental right.
- Article 22: Provides protection against arrest and detention.
- Article 23: Prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labor.
Key Aspects of Article 20
Article 20 is crucial as it covers specific protections related to criminal offenses:
- Protection against Ex-post Facto Laws: No person shall be convicted of any offense except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act. Punishment will be according to the law in force at that time.
- Protection against Double Jeopardy: No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offense more than once.
- Protection against Self-Incrimination: No person accused of any offense shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Therefore, the right to protection in respect of conviction for offenses, including protection from double jeopardy and self-incrimination, is covered under Article 20.
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