Reason for Gandhi's 1930 Civil Disobedience Movement

Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 as a significant phase of the Indian independence movement. The core objective was to peacefully resist British colonial rule and its unjust laws and policies.

Gandhi's Approach: Demands Before Action

Prior to initiating the large-scale Civil Disobedience Movement, Mahatma Gandhi followed his principle of presenting grievances and demands to the authorities. He sent a letter to the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, on March 2, 1930. This letter contained a specific set of demands known as the Eleven Points Programme. These points aimed to address critical issues and "evils of British rule" that affected the Indian population, such as the oppressive salt tax, land reforms, and currency issues.

Gandhi made it clear that if the Viceroy did not respond favorably and take steps to implement these reforms, he would be compelled to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement. The Viceroy's lack of a satisfactory response was the direct catalyst for the movement's commencement.

Analysis of the Options

Let's look at why the provided correct answer is the most accurate reason:

• Option 2: Asking the Viceroy through a letter containing the Eleven Points Programme to remove the evils of British rule. This option correctly identifies the crucial step Gandhi took before launching the movement. It highlights his attempt at negotiation and the specific demands presented, making it the foundational reason for the subsequent actions.
• Option 3: Dandi March to break the Salt Laws. The Dandi March, starting on March 12, 1930, was a powerful and symbolic event that marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was a direct action taken to protest the British salt monopoly and tax. However, it was a specific tactic and a key event *within* the broader movement, rather than the sole initial reason for its conception. The movement itself was envisioned as a wider campaign against multiple injustices.
• Option 4: Asking the people to take Poorna Swaraj Pledge. The call for 'Poorna Swaraj' (complete independence) was a significant political objective adopted by the Indian National Congress earlier, during the Lahore Session in December 1929. This established the ultimate goal. However, the direct trigger for initiating the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 was the failure of the government to address the specific demands articulated in Gandhi's letter to the Viceroy.
• Option 1: None of these. Since Option 2 accurately states the reason, this option is incorrect.

Therefore, the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement was primarily triggered by Mahatma Gandhi's attempt to address national grievances through negotiation, culminating in his letter outlining the Eleven Points Programme to the Viceroy, and the subsequent inaction from the British government.