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Question

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) places emphasis on the use of technology to ensure the authenticity of evidence. This is particularly relevant for:

This question was previously asked in
SSC CGL 2025 Tier 2 Paper 1 Question Paper (19-Jan-2026)
The correct answer is

Digital and electronic evidence.

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) replaces the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and modernises India's evidence law for the digital era.

One of its key features is the expanded and detailed treatment of electronic and digital records as primary evidence — including emails, server logs, cloud-based data, and other electronic communications. The Act lays down requirements for authenticity and admissibility (e.g., certificates under provisions analogous to Section 65B of the IEA).

Physical exhibits, handwritten diaries, and oral confessions existed under the old Evidence Act and don't represent the new technological focus of the BSA.

Hence, the correct answer is Digital and electronic evidence.

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