Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, what is required for digital evidence to be presented in court?
It must be accompanied by a valid digital signature
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (which replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with effect from 1 July 2024) recognises electronic and digital records as primary evidence under Section 61. Section 63 requires that such electronic records be authenticated through reliable methods — including a digital signature and a hash value — to verify their origin and integrity.
The Act does not require digital evidence to be in hard copy only, nor does it restrict admissibility to government-approved platforms or pre-submission verification by an official.
Hence the correct answer is option C.
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