A student accidentally spills some hydrochloric acid on a table. Which substance should be used to neutralise the acid safely?
Baking soda solution
To neutralize spilled hydrochloric acid safely, we need to use a substance that reacts with the acid to form water and a salt, effectively neutralizing the acid. The correct substance to use from the options provided is the baking soda solution. Here is the step-by-step explanation:
- Understanding Acids and Bases: Acids are substances that can donate a proton (H+) in a solution. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid commonly used in laboratories. Bases, on the other hand, can accept protons or donate hydroxide ions (OH-), which can neutralize acids.
- Reactivity of Baking Soda: Baking soda, chemically known as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a weak base. When it reacts with hydrochloric acid, the following neutralization reaction occurs: \text{NaHCO}_3 (s) + \text{HCl (aq)} \rightarrow \text{NaCl (aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O (l)} + \text{CO}_2 (g) This reveals that baking soda reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce table salt (NaCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide gas (CO2), effectively neutralizing the acid.
- Incorrect Options:
- Sugar solution: Sugar (sucrose) does not react with acids in such a way to neutralize them. It is not a base.
- Vinegar: Vinegar is acetic acid (CH3COOH) and is itself an acid, not suitable for neutralizing another acid.
- Lemon juice: Lemon juice contains citric acid, which, like vinegar, is acidic and cannot neutralize hydrochloric acid.
- Safety and Conclusion: Using baking soda is a safe method of neutralization since it results in non-toxic byproducts. Remember to carefully clean and dispose of any residues after neutralization.
In conclusion, baking soda solution is the correct and safe choice to neutralize spilled hydrochloric acid.
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