"Lokpal and Lokayukta have roots in Indian governance culture." Explain, how the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 ensures transparency and accountability in public governance, both within and outside India.
The Lokpal and Lokayuktas framework in India reflects the Ombudsman model of countries like Sweden, yet the underlying philosophy resonates with India’s own traditions. Texts such as Kautilya’s Arthashastra emphasized accountability and vigilance against abuse of power, foreshadowing the modern idea of an independent authority to check corruption. After decades of public pressure, the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 was enacted to institutionalize mechanisms ensuring transparency, accountability, and integrity in governance.
At the national and state level: The Act establishes a Lokpal at the Centre and requires states to constitute Lokayuktas. Their jurisdiction extends to public functionaries including the Prime Minister (with safeguards), ministers, Members of Parliament, and officials from groups A to D, as well as certain corporate bodies.
Key features: The Lokpal has its own inquiry and prosecution wings, ensuring independence from the executive. It possesses wide jurisdiction, civil court powers, and authority for search, seizure, and attachment of assets. Whistleblower protection and mandatory asset declarations strengthen transparency. The Act prescribes strict timelines for inquiries and trials to promote expeditious justice.
Beyond India: Though its legal reach is domestic, the Act signals India’s seriousness in combating corruption, aligning with obligations under the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC). By reinforcing domestic mechanisms, it enhances India’s credibility in international anti-corruption efforts and positively impacts global perceptions and cooperation.
Thus, the 2013 Act bridges ancient accountability ideals and modern governance needs, offering an institutional safeguard against corruption while elevating India’s democratic reputation.
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