In a certain coded language 'PRAM' is coded as 'KLVG' and 'DENY' is coded as 'YYIS'. How will 'HATS' be coded in the same code language?
CUOM
This is a letter-shift coding problem: each letter of the word is moved by a fixed number of places in the alphabet to get its code, and you must find that shift for each position and then apply it to a new word. Use A = 1, B = 2, …, Z = 26, wrapping around the alphabet cyclically.
Take PRAM → KLVG. P(16) → K(11) is a shift of −5, and R(18) → L(12) is a shift of −6.
Continuing, A(1) → V(22) works as a −5 shift read cyclically (1 − 5 = −4, which wraps to 22 = V), and M(13) → G(7) is a −6 shift.
So the rule is: letters in positions 1 and 3 shift by −5, while letters in positions 2 and 4 shift by −6; the word DENY → YYIS follows the same pattern, confirming it.
Now apply this to HATS: H(8) − 5 = C(3); A(1) − 6 wraps to U(21); T(20) − 5 = O(15); S(19) − 6 = M(13).
Reading the four coded letters in order gives C, U, O, M.
The concept is a position-dependent alphabetic shift applied cyclically, so subtractions that fall below 1 wrap around from Z. Hence 'HATS' is coded as CUOM.
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