Understanding Coding Decoding Patterns

This question involves a type of coding-decoding problem where words are coded using numbers. We need to find the pattern used to code 'SPAIN' as '14-9-1-16-19' and then apply the same pattern to find the code for 'MADRAS'.

Analyzing the Code for 'SPAIN'

Let's look at the letters in 'SPAIN' and their corresponding numbers in the code:

• S is coded as 14
• P is coded as 9
• A is coded as 1
• I is coded as 16
• N is coded as 19

We can also look at the standard alphabetical positions of these letters:

• S is the 19th letter
• P is the 16th letter
• A is the 1st letter
• I is the 9th letter
• N is the 14th letter

Let's compare the alphabetical positions with the given code numbers:

Observing this table, it's not a simple shift in position or a constant addition/subtraction. Let's consider the letters of 'SPAIN' in reverse order: N, I, A, P, S.

Now let's compare the alphabetical positions of the letters in reverse order with the given code:

We can see a clear pattern here. The code for 'SPAIN' is formed by taking the letters of the word in reverse order and writing down their standard alphabetical positions.

• N is the 14th letter ($\text{N} \rightarrow 14$)
• I is the 9th letter ($\text{I} \rightarrow 9$)
• A is the 1st letter ($\text{A} \rightarrow 1$)
• P is the 16th letter ($\text{P} \rightarrow 16$)
• S is the 19th letter ($\text{S} \rightarrow 19$)

Putting these numbers together in the order of the reversed word (N, I, A, P, S) gives us 14-9-1-16-19, which matches the given code for 'SPAIN'.

Coding 'MADRAS' using the Same Pattern

Now we apply the same pattern to the word 'MADRAS'.

Step 1: Write the letters of 'MADRAS' in reverse order.

The letters in reverse order are S, A, R, D, A, M.

Step 2: Find the alphabetical position for each of these letters.

• S is the 19th letter ($\text{S} \rightarrow 19$)
• A is the 1st letter ($\text{A} \rightarrow 1$)
• R is the 18th letter ($\text{R} \rightarrow 18$)
• D is the 4th letter ($\text{D} \rightarrow 4$)
• A is the 1st letter ($\text{A} \rightarrow 1$)
• M is the 13th letter ($\text{M} \rightarrow 13$)

Step 3: Combine the alphabetical positions in the order of the reversed letters.

The numbers are 19, 1, 18, 4, 1, 13.

So, the code for 'MADRAS' is 19-1-18-4-1-13.

Comparing this code with the given options, we find that 19-1-18-4-1-13 matches one of the options.

Revision Table: Coding Pattern Summary

Additional Information: Types of Letter Coding

Letter coding is a common type of question in reasoning sections of competitive exams. Understanding different patterns is key to solving these problems quickly. Some common patterns include:

• Forward Coding: Letters are shifted forward or backward by a certain number of positions (e.g., A → C, B → D is a shift of +2).
• Reverse Coding: The order of letters in the word is reversed, and then each letter might be coded (e.g., shifted or replaced).
• Position-based Coding: Letters are coded based on their alphabetical position (A=1, Z=26). The code might use these numbers directly, or manipulate them (add, subtract, multiply, square, etc.).
• Opposite Letters Coding: Letters are replaced by their opposite letters (A ↔ Z, B ↔ Y, etc.).
• Mixed Patterns: Combinations of the above patterns.

Practicing different examples helps in quickly identifying the pattern used in a specific coding-decoding problem.