Solving Blood Relation Puzzles with Symbols

This question asks us to decipher relationships represented by symbols and find the expression where P is the paternal grandfather of R. Let's first understand the meaning of each symbol provided:

• $\times$: X × Y means X is the mother of Y.
• $-$ : X – Y means X is the father of Y.
• $\div$: X ÷ Y means X is the sister of Y.

We are looking for an expression that shows P is the paternal grandfather of R. Paternal grandfather means the father of the father. So, we need an expression where P is the father of someone, and that someone is the father of R.

Analyzing Each Option to Determine Relationships

Let's examine each given option based on the symbol definitions:

Option 1: Q – P × R

Let's break this down from right to left or left to right:

• $\text{P } \times \text{ R}$: P is the mother of R.
• $\text{Q } - \text{ P}$: Q is the father of P.

Combining these, Q is the father of P, and P is the mother of R. This would mean P is R's mother, and Q is P's father (R's maternal grandfather). This does not show P as the paternal grandfather of R.

Option 2: P – Q ÷ R

Let's break this down:

• $\text{Q } \div \text{ R}$: Q is the sister of R.
• $\text{P } - \text{ Q}$: P is the father of Q.

Combining these, P is the father of Q, and Q is the sister of R. This means P is the father of R's sister, making P the father of R. This does not show P as the paternal grandfather of R.

Option 3: P – Q – R

Let's break this down:

• $\text{Q } - \text{ R}$: Q is the father of R.
• $\text{P } - \text{ Q}$: P is the father of Q.

Combining these, P is the father of Q, and Q is the father of R. Therefore, P is the father of R's father. This means P is the paternal grandfather of R. This matches the condition we are looking for.

Option 4: P × Q – R

Let's break this down:

• $\text{Q } - \text{ R}$: Q is the father of R.
• $\text{P } \times \text{ Q}$: P is the mother of Q.

Combining these, P is the mother of Q, and Q is the father of R. Therefore, P is the mother of R's father. This means P is the paternal grandmother of R. This does not show P as the paternal grandfather of R.

Conclusion

Based on our analysis of each option, the expression P – Q – R correctly identifies P as the paternal grandfather of R because P is the father of Q, and Q is the father of R.

Revision Table: Blood Relation Symbols

Additional Information: Solving Blood Relation Problems

Blood relation problems using symbols or codes are common in reasoning sections of competitive exams. Here are some tips to solve them effectively:

• Understand Symbols: Clearly write down what each symbol represents (e.g., +, -, *, / mean mother, father, sister, brother, etc.).
• Identify the Goal: Know exactly which relationship you need to find (e.g., paternal grandfather, maternal aunt, cousin, etc.).
• Break Down the Expression: Solve the expression part by part, typically from right to left or using parentheses if present. For example, in P - Q - R, first figure out Q - R, then use that relationship with P.
• Draw a Family Tree (Optional but helpful): For complex expressions, drawing a simple family tree can help visualize the relationships and avoid confusion.
• Determine Gender: Note down the gender of individuals if the symbols imply it (e.g., mother is female, father is male, sister is female). Some symbols like 'brother' or 'sibling' might not always specify gender for both people in the pair.
• Verify the Result: Once you think you have the correct expression, read it back using the deciphered relationships to confirm it matches the required relationship.

These types of questions test your ability to decode information and apply logical reasoning to establish connections within a family structure.