If the statement-"Some athletes are kind human beings" is given as true, then which of the following statements can be immediately inferred to be false?
No athletes are kind human beings.
This question also uses the Square of Opposition. The given true statement, "Some athletes are kind human beings", is a particular affirmative (I-type) statement.
In the square of opposition, every I-type statement has a corresponding E-type (universal negative) statement with the same subject and predicate, and these two are called CONTRADICTORIES. A key rule of contradictories is: they can never have the same truth value — if one is true, the other MUST be false, and vice versa.
The E-type statement corresponding to "Some athletes are kind human beings" is "No athletes are kind human beings" (Option 3).
Since the given I-type statement is true, its contradictory E-type statement must necessarily be false. So Option 3, "No athletes are kind human beings," is the statement that can be immediately inferred to be false.
Let's check why the other options cannot be immediately determined as false:
- Option 1, "Some athletes are not kind human beings" (O-type), is the subcontrary of the given I-type statement. When an I-type statement is true, its subcontrary can be either true or false — it is not fixed, so we cannot say it is false.
- Option 2, "All athletes are kind human beings" (A-type), is the super-altern of the given I-type statement. Truth of the I-type statement does not guarantee the truth or falsity of the A-type statement — it remains undetermined.
- Option 4, "Some kind human beings are athletes," is simply the valid simple conversion of the given true I-type statement, so it is actually TRUE, not false.
Hence, only Option 3 — No athletes are kind human beings — must be false
Similar Questions
In a square of opposition, if 'No animals with horns are carnivores' is false, which of the following is the correct code?
codes:
A. 'Some animals with horns are carnivores' is true.
B. 'Some animals with horns are not carnivores' is true.
C. 'All animals with horns are carnivores' is false
D. 'All the animals with horns are carnivores' is undermined.Which of the following statements is contrary to the statement- "No football players are kind-hearted human beings"?
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?
A. Some cricketers are kind men.
B. Some kind men are cricketers.
C. Some cricketers are not non-kind men.
D. Some non-kind men are not non-cricketers.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Important Questions from Classical Square of Opposition
As per square of opposition, if the statement- "All apes are mammals" is given as true, which of the following statements can be immediately inferred to be false?
A. No apes are mammals.
B. Some apes are mammals.
C. Some mammals are apes.
D. Some apes are not mammals.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?
A. Some apes are not non-monkeys.
B. Some monkeys are not non-apes.
C. Some monkeys are apes.
D. Some apes are monkeys.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
If the statement, 'Some animals are not ferocious' is given as true, then which of the following could be immediately inferred from it:
A. 'All animals are ferocious' is undetermined
B. 'Some animals are ferocious' is false
C. 'No animals are ferocious' is undetermined
D. 'All animals are ferocious' is false
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
In Classical Square of Opposition, if 'Some S is not P' is true then which of the following could be immediately inferred from it?
A. 'Some S is P' is false
B. 'All S is P' is false
C. 'No S is P' is undetermined
D. 'Some S is P' is undetermined
E. 'All S is P' is undetermined
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
If the statement "All women are honest" is given as true, what could be immediately inferred from the following?
(A) 'No women are honest' is false
(B) 'Some women are not honest' is true
(C) 'Some women are not honest' is false
(D) 'Some women are honest' is true
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
