Which of the following propositions can be directly inferred from the statement - "All mammals are four-legged animals?
Some mammals are four-legged animals.
Concept: The statement "All mammals are four-legged animals" is a universal affirmative (A-type) proposition: All S are P, where S = mammals and P = four-legged animals. An immediate inference is a conclusion drawn directly from a single premise.
Working: By subalternation in the classical square of opposition, the truth of a universal affirmative (All S are P) guarantees the truth of the corresponding particular affirmative (Some S are P). Hence from "All mammals are four-legged animals" we may directly infer "Some mammals are four-legged animals." Both keep the same subject (mammals) and predicate (four-legged animals).
Why the other choices are wrong:
- "All animals are four-legged mammals" swaps and enlarges the terms (subject becomes all animals, predicate becomes four-legged mammals); this is not a valid conversion of an A proposition.
- "No four-legged mammals are animals" is a universal negative that contradicts the original meaning and cannot follow from it.
- "All four-legged animals are mammals" is the simple converse of the A proposition; an A proposition does not convert to another A (converse of All S are P is only Some P are S), so this is an illicit conversion.
Takeaway: From "All S are P" the only safe immediate inference of this list is the subaltern "Some S are P."
Correct answer: Some mammals are four-legged animals.
Similar Questions
In a square of opposition, if 'No animals with horns are carnivores' is false, which of the following is the correct code?
codes:
A. 'Some animals with horns are carnivores' is true.
B. 'Some animals with horns are not carnivores' is true.
C. 'All animals with horns are carnivores' is false
D. 'All the animals with horns are carnivores' is undermined.Which of the following statements are logically equivalent?
A. Some cricketers are kind men.
B. Some kind men are cricketers.
C. Some cricketers are not non-kind men.
D. Some non-kind men are not non-cricketers.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:Which of the following statements is contrary to the statement- "No football players are kind-hearted human beings"?
If the statement-"Some athletes are kind human beings" is given as true, then which of the following statements can be immediately inferred to be false?
Which of the following statements is contradictory to the statement - "Some birds are mammals"?
If the statement - "Some animals are not birds" is given as false, then which of the following statements can be immediately inferred to be false?
Which of the following is contrary to the statement "No mammals are birds"?
If the statement "Some animals are birds" is given as false then which of the following statements can be immediately inferred to be false?
Which of the following statements are contradictory to each other?
A. All objects are perishable.
B. Some objects are not perishable.
C. Some objects are perishable.
D. No objects are perishable.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Which of the following statements is contradictory to the statement-" all dogs are friendly animals" ?
Important Questions from Classical Square of Opposition
Which of the following statements are so related that they can not both be true but could both be false?
A. All Biologists are outstanding teachers.
B. Some Biologists are outstanding teachers.
C. No Biologists are outstanding teachers.
D. Some Biologists are not outstanding teachers.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
- Which of the following propositions are so related that they can neither be true together nor can they be false together?
A. All printers are computer peripherals.
B. Some computer peripherals are printers.
C. Some printers are not computer peripherals.
D. No printers are computer peripherals.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: - Which of the following statements contradict each other ?
A. All ducks are birds.
B. Some ducks are birds.
C. Some ducks are not birds.
D. No ducks are birds.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - If the statement "No birds are animals" is given as false, which of the following statements can be inferred to be true ?
A. Some animals are not birds.
B. Some birds are not animals.
C. Some animals are birds.
D. Some birds are animals.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : - Which of the following statements are sub-contraries?
A. All sparrows are birds.
B. No sparrows are birds.
C. Some sparrows are birds.
D. Some sparrows are not birds.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
