The question presents a custom mathematical operation '#'. We need to find the rule that defines this operation using the provided examples.
We are given:
Let's test the hypothesis that the operation follows the rule $a \text{ \# } b = a^2 + b^2$.
The pattern $a \text{ \# } b = a^2 + b^2$ is confirmed.
Using the confirmed pattern $a \text{ \# } b = a^2 + b^2$, we can now calculate $4 \text{ \# } 5$.
Here, $a=4$ and $b=5$.
$ 4 \text{ \# } 5 = 4^2 + 5^2 $
Calculate the terms:
Add the results:
$ 16 + 25 = 41 $
Thus, $4 \text{ \# } 5 = 41$.
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