Given the following set of prolog clauses : father(X, Y) : parent(X, Y), male(X), parent(Sally, Bob), parent(Jim, Bob), parent(Alice, Jane), parent(Thomas, Jane), male(Bob), male(Jim), female(Salley), female(Alice). How many atoms are matched to the variable ‘X’ before the query father(X, Jane) reports a Result ?
2
The rule says X is the father of Y if parent(X, Y) holds and male(X) holds, and Prolog tries the parent facts top to bottom with backtracking.
For father(X, Jane), the goal parent(X, Jane) first succeeds with X = Alice; male(Alice) is not a fact, so Prolog backtracks.
The next match is X = Thomas; male(Thomas) is also not a fact, and no further parent(_, Jane) fact exists, so the query now reports its result (No).
Exactly two atoms, Alice and Thomas, were bound to X; the facts with Bob as child never bind X because Jane does not unify with Bob.
Hence, 2.
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