Both statements concern formal communication, and each must be judged separately before the pair is classified.

Assertion (A) is false. Formal communication follows the official chain of command and prescribed channels, moving through proper levels with records, approvals and established procedure at each step. That very structure makes it slow, because a message must pass through intermediate levels rather than travel directly, and rigid, because it cannot depart from the prescribed route. Speed and flexibility are in fact the characteristics of informal communication, the grapevine, which cuts across levels and reaches people directly.

Reason (R) is correct. Formal communication is indeed a systematic and orderly flow of information, moving along defined lines with clarity about who communicates with whom and in what form. This orderliness is its genuine advantage, since it gives authenticity, accountability and a record.

Notice the internal tension the question is built on: the very orderliness described in (R) is what makes (A) false. A systematic flow through proper channels is necessarily slower and less flexible than an unstructured one, so (R) actually explains why the assertion cannot hold.

Since (A) is false while (R) is correct, the fourth option applies.

Hence (A) is false but (R) is correct.